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What is Ozone?

Ozone (O₃) is a powerful, naturally occurring oxidizing agent composed of three oxygen atoms. While the oxygen we breathe is diatomic (O₂), ozone includes a third, loosely bonded oxygen atom. This makes it highly reactive and effective as a disinfectant, deodorizer, and oxidizer for a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.

Ozone was first identified in the 19th century and named after the Greek word “ozein,” meaning “to smell,” referencing its sharp, distinctive odor. This molecule is both colorless and unstable—readily decomposing back into oxygen—which makes it a potent but short-lived compound.

Ozone

How is Ozone Formed?

Ozone is formed naturally in the atmosphere through two main processes:

  • Ultraviolet Radiation: UV light splits oxygen molecules (Oâ‚‚) into single atoms, which then recombine with other Oâ‚‚ molecules to form ozone (O₃). This is the mechanism responsible for the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere.

  • Electrical Discharge: Lightning and other high-voltage events can split oxygen molecules to create ozone—responsible for the fresh scent after a thunderstorm.

 

For commercial and industrial use, ozone is typically generated onsite using specialized equipment

 

Ozone Generation Methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (Corona Discharge)

The most common method of ozone generation. An alternating high voltage across electrodes separates oxygen molecules into atoms, which then form ozone.​

Pros:

  • High ozone concentration (especially with oxygen feed)

  • Scalable output (mg/h to kg/h)

  • Reliable performance with oxygen feed

Cons:

  • Air-fed systems may produce nitrogen oxides (NOx)

  • Humidity can affect performance

  • Larger units can be costly

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UV Radiation

Low-pressure mercury lamps emit UV light (especially at 185 nm), which breaks O₂ molecules into atoms, forming ozone.​

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Electrolytic Ozone Generation

Ozone is produced directly from water using electrodes and an electrolyte under a DC voltage.

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Pros:

  • Minimal NOx production

  • Simple construction

  • Can disinfect air as well as generate ozone

Cons:

  • Lower ozone output and concentration

  • Inefficient dissolution in water

  • Requires disposal of mercury lamps

Pros:

  • No need for external air or oxygen feed

  • No NOx byproducts

  • Ideal for high-purity water applications

Cons:

  • Limited to low flows

  • Electrodes prone to contamination

  • Hydrogen gas may be produced as a byproduct

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How Does Ozone Disinfect?

Ozone’s third oxygen atom breaks away easily, allowing it to react with microorganisms and organic compounds. This oxidation damages the cell walls of bacteria, viruses, molds, and parasites, rendering them inactive. Ozone can also oxidize inorganic substances like metals, making them easier to filter out of water.

Unlike chlorine and other chemicals, ozone leaves no harmful residue—it naturally reverts to oxygen, making it an environmentally safe disinfectant.

 

Applications of Ozone

  • Water Treatment: Primary disinfectant and oxidizer in municipal, commercial, and industrial water systems.

  • Air Purification: Used to neutralize odors and airborne pathogens.

  • Food Processing: Sanitizes surfaces and extends shelf life.

  • Medical and Laboratory: Sterilization of equipment and spaces.

 

Is Ozone Environmentally Friendly?

Yes. Ozone is produced on-site, eliminating the need for storage or transport of hazardous chemicals. Once used, it naturally decays into oxygen without producing harmful byproducts, making it a sustainable and eco-conscious solution.

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Why Choose Ozone?

  • Extremely effective oxidizer and disinfectant

  • Naturally decomposes into oxygen

  • No chemical residue

  • Versatile for air, water, and surface treatment

  • Safe when used with proper controls

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